The Forest obscuring the Trees

In the midst of the tariff forest, or conflagration to switch the metaphor, we cannot lose sight of the trees – Administration’s devastating attack on reproductive, and general, health of people here and abroad. And the attacks are just beginning.

The Administration has suspended Title X funding for family planning clinics in this country but also USAID grants for reproductive and other health around the world. Title X supports the provision of reproductive healthcare, including family planning and the treatment and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases in family planning clinics in this country. Many of those clinics are operated by Planned Parenthood. None of the funds can be used for abortion services. A total of $66 Million in Title X funding has been suspended, including $21M for Planned Parenthood clinics. These programs have been audited repeatedly to make sure that this does not happen, yet this administration under the guise of fiscal probity has suspended the funds to do yet another investigation. The effect of this suspension will be that clinics will be turning away low-income patients who will have nowhere else to go and will lead to increases in sexually transmitted infections, cervical cancer and pregnancy rates, and therefore abortion rates.

The next shoe to drop is probably Medicaid funding going to Planned Parenthood and other reproductive healthcare clinics. Medicaid funding reimburses clinics for reproductive healthcare visits, including family planning and sexually transmitted disease provision for clients who are eligible for Medicaid. If and when these cuts are enacted, and there are sure to be challenges because these funds are budgetary provisions, enacted by Congress, and it will lead to the closure of many family planning clinics nationwide. Patients will have nowhere else to go. On top of this, the Supreme Court this week heard arguments about whether or not states can prohibit Medicaid recipients from using clinics which also provide abortion services, i.e Planned Parenthoods. Planned Parenthood receives about one-third of its revenue from Medicaid and Title X.

Planned Parenthoods nationwide are facing huge budgetary pressures, as are many healthcare providers, with rising costs, especially salaries for nurses, doctors and other trained personnel. My old affiliate, Planned Parenthood of Greater New York (PPGNY), recently announced that they were putting up for sale the building that houses its Manhattan clinic and would be closing the clinic. They said they hoped to open in Manhattan clinic at another site, but there are no definite plans. The affiliate, along with many other Planned Parenthood affiliates nationwide, have been closing under-performing clinics because they cannot be subsidized in the current climate. PPGNY and PP Illinois have recently closed four clinics each. This has led to greater travel, and other costs, being imposed on rural patients, as well as delay and forgoing of health care.

Planned Parenthoods around the country that provide abortion services are inundated by patients from states where abortion has been criminalized. The resulting subsidy that patients need, including travel costs and accommodations, as well as the fees that they are unable to pay are devastating the finances of Planned Parenthood. This is a human and public health crisis, and states that keep abortion legal must do more to make abortion as safe and accessible as possible. Women are going to resort to do-it-yourself abortion and not under a doctor’s care which could lead to injury and death. Those doctors who are mailing abortion pills internationally and across state lines are not reaching every woman who needs an abortion. About half of women coming to Planned Parenthoods nationwide are using abortion pills, but many are opting for surgery because the procedure can be done in the same day and the woman can return home without delay or risk of needed a followup visit in a state where abortion is criminal.

There is a curious intersection, and disconnect I believe, with much of the conservative ideology about white supremacy. The attacks on Planned Parenthood will reduce reproductive healthcare as well as abortion services in areas with large white populations. If the conservatives hope as a result the white birth rates will go up, that might happen (preliminary data shows an increase in births in criminalized states – the abortion rate has also gone up!). But these attacks will also end up resulting in the closure of clinics serving minority populations, so those birth rates will also go up. In all cases, there will be an increase in sexually transmitted diseases (and illegal abortions), which in many cases cause infertility, thereby decreasing the nation’s ability to increase the birth rate. Talk about counterproductive.

The middle of all this chaos, families have to sort out whether and when to have children. One of the factors that men and women will take into account is how they view the future. Certainly the tariff chaos will give financial pause to many in every state and of every political persuasion. People are now poorer than they were a month ago, and one can question whether they see any light at the end of the Trump tunnel. Some conservatives are beginning to see that they should offer incentives for married couples to have children, though incentives offered in various countries around the world have done little or nothing to increase birth rates.

The intersection of the tariff policy with the anti-immigration policy gives political concern. Many areas of this country have seen population growth and economic vitality from immigration. If these areas are depopulated through deportations, the economies there will stagnate and decline. One US study called it, “Depopulation, Deaths, Diversity and Deprivation: the Four D’s of Rural Population Change.” This scenario played out in the former East Germany recently, an area where people of ability left for greater opportunity in the former West Germany, leaving behind people with fewer opportunities and social services, who were full of resentment, and therefore voted for far right political parties. This would naturally buoy the Trump party even though he was the cause of it all.

teen pregnancy and premature death

A recent study out of Canada reports that women who were pregnant as a teenager were more likely to die before age 31 than their peers who did not get pregnant. The odds were similar for teens who had an ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, stillbirth, or abortion. The risk increased the younger the teen was when pregnant and also if the teen was pregnant more than once. 

The researchers say that the link between teen pregnancy and early death is likely not causal. The greatest cause of death was injury, both self-inflicted and accidental. How accidental death or suicide relates to early pregnancy is a murky area, but they could result from low educational attainment, adverse childhood experiences and increased risk taking. 

Various experts opined that more needs to be done to prevent accidental pregnancy and unplanned pregnancy. I agree.

But I and others have felt that despite what teens may report about whether their pregnancy was “accidental”, many are in alignment with the shortened life expectancies that disadvantaged teens face whether or not they become a teen mother. This “weathering” hypothesis I have written about before.  The many environmental, social, racial, familial, and pre-existing health factors that a disadvantaged teen faces all point to a life expectancy below that of her better off peers. The same applies to the teen’s mother who might be expected to help care for the baby. Weathering would seem to point a teen, consciously or not, to early childbearing while a) she is still relatively healthy and b) her mother is still with her to help. Researcher Arline Geronimus found that a disadvantaged teen is healthiest at age 16.

Risks of pregnancy are well known, and pregnancy is riskier the poorer the health of the mother. It is no surprise that it can lead to premature death, though as I said above, the researchers did not find a direct causal link. 

But, and this is a big but, the teen has a baby. She has reproduced, and has done so when she is at her healthiest. Yes, there are risks to her and the baby, but perhaps less risks than if she had waited.  

In an ideal world, women would not have to make this trade off. But even in countries with national health systems and with income supports for the most disadvantaged, the health discrepancies are still there. The messages of: wait until you are older, wait until you finish your education, wait until you have a good job, or wait until you are married, don’t resonate with all too many girls. The biological message of: reproduce while you can, does. 

See:

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2816198

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2816201